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The media is a snapshot of our culture, depicting what and how society functions. The only medium that aids in informing people is media, whether it is written, electronic, or on the internet. It also aids in entertaining the public, as well as educating and informing people about current events. The media has evolved into our society's voice.While most people have no direct information about stock market, the media has a significant impact on public attitudes and actions. The stock market is a significant participant in the financial sector, which is made up of both small and large businesses. Therefore, it becomes important to control the markets in order to protect investors' interests as well as those of the business sector. Additionally, the stock market is exposed, which hurts the public's overall interest. As a result, a number of laws have been enacted to safeguard investors and guarantee a just exchange of business ownership in free markets. Purpose: The majority of people have erroneous perceptions of laws related to stock market. They are informed of stock market through the media. The aim of this paper is to give information about laws and regulations through media to a society. Because most individuals are unaware of the laws and regulations pertaining to the stock market. ThroughNeed: media people are aware about laws and regulations of stock market.Methodology: The study based on secondary data.
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With the rapid development of clinical trials, the relevant medical research and molecular detection based on biological samples are closely related to the progress of clinical trials, making the role of biological samples in clinical trials increasingly obvious. The standardized supervision mode of biological samples is an important prerequisite for carrying out high-quality clinical trials. Although the laws and regulations related to clinical trials are becoming more and more perfect, there are still a large number of adverse events related to biological samples, which seriously affects the progress and results of clinical trials, and is one of the important challenges currently facing. Therefore, it is urgent to enhance the supervision of biological samples and improve the management methods of biological samples in clinical trials at this stage. Through in-depth discussion of the current status of biological sample management in clinical trials at home and abroad, this paper analyzed the issues existed during the supervision of biological samples, and supplemented the biological sample management methods by further combing the existing relevant laws and regulations and the Guidelines for the Ethical Management of Biological Samples in Clinical Trials, with a view to providing suggestions and ideas for optimizing the management mode of biological samples in clinical trials.
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A group of compounds structurally related to tetrahydrocannabinol or capable of binding to cannabinoid receptors are collectively referred to as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids can be divided into plant derived cannabinoids， synthetic cannabinoids， and endogenous cannabinoids. Δ-9-THC is the only psychoactive compound in plant cannabinoids. Cannabis with Δ-9-THC>0.3% is internationally listed as a prohibited drug， while cannabis with Δ-9-THC<0.3% is industrial cannabis. Due to its low addiction and high commercial value， it is allowed to be added to food in many countries. More and more industrial cannabis foods become popular， and the detection/analysis of cannabinoid compounds in cannabis foods is particularly important； In addition to industrial cannabis， which is widely used in food， there are also various new drugs， synthetic cannabinoids， disguised as conventional food， which can cause the social problems and increase the food safety risks. This article will elaborate on the regulatory status of cannabinoid compounds in food， In order to promote the safety supervision of the domestic cannabis food.
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【Objective】 To perform quantitative analysis on the sample provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation, and provide reference for further revision of laws and regulations. 【Methods】 31 study samples were current provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation that can be collected from open sources. The issue date and the revision date of each sample were recorded. With "The Blood Donation Law of the People’s Republic of China" as reference, 5 categories were formed and additional clauses in samples were coded and rated following content analysis procedures. Sample provinces were divided into two groups based on donation rate and their differences in evaluation scores of categories were examined using rank sum test. 【Results】 Until December, 2021, 31 sample provinces had issued and implemented provincial laws and regulation for voluntary blood donation, and 14 of which had been revised. Many detailed clauses (total score 9.32±3.09) were added in sample provincial laws and regulations, more clauses were added in the categories of 'related government agencies and their responsibilities’, 'management of clinical blood use’ and 'rewards and punishment’. Sample provinces were divided into two groups according to the donation rate per 1 000 people recommended by World Health Organization(10‰). Compared to lower donation rate group, the total score and sub score in the categories of 'basic principles’, 'management of blood collection and supply’ were significantly higher in higher donation rate group. 【Conclusion】 In revision and improvement of provincial laws and regulations, 'basic principles’ and 'management of blood collection and supply’ could be considered. This assay mainly tries to provide a new research perspective and perform quantitative analysis on content of sample provincial laws and regulation for voluntary blood donation, the actual effect of the results in this study need longer time to be examined, and we will keep following its new advances.
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Percutaneous renal puncture device has very important clinical value. Qualified percutaneous renal puncture device is one of the important ways to evaluate its safety and efficacy, and it is also an important prerequisite for the device to be marketed in China. When manufactuers test the product, the selection of representative products is suggested from the aspects of performance parameter, structure, material and production process.
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Humans , China , Kidney , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous , PuncturesABSTRACT
The particularity of healthcare markets made the pricing of medical services a contentious issue.It reviewed the characteristics,technical and institutional arrangements for the outpatient service price setting across Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) countries,aiming at providing international experiences for medical service pricing reform in China.
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OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the related laws and regulations on workplace violence in Chinese medical institutions and provide recommendations for making policy. METHODS: The legal databases of CNKI,Wanfang,Lawyee and Pkulaw were retrieved by keywords including workplace violence,medical violence,medical dispute,doctor-patient dispute or medical order. The laws and regulations,department measures,local laws and government regulations were collected and systematically analyzed. RESULTS: In China,there are eight laws,two administrative regulations,two department rules and 15 provincial local laws and regulations stipulating that the healthcare workers enjoy the right to be free from workplace violence and constitute the legal basis for the prevention of medical violence in the workplace. During 2009-2017,the National Health and Family Planning Commission joints with multi-sector authorities have issued 12 notices related to the maintenance of medical order,from three aspects of human defense,physical defense and technical defense to vigorously emphasize the punishment of violent crime against personal safety of healthcare workers. However,compared to the international community,there is still a gap between China's legislation on the prevention and control of violence in medical workplaces,and there is no coherence in the definition of violence against the workplace. There are no specific legal and technical standards,and the occupational hazards caused by mental violence have not yet been included in the scope of legal adjustment and the national occupational disease classification directory. CONCLUSION: Specific legislation on prevention and treatment of medical institutions workplace violence should be carried out by using effective measures. The establishment of standard system,the related research and international exchange should be strengthened.
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This article elaborated the importance of strengthening the Chinese herbal pieces industry management from aspects such as the strengthening of process management, production and marketing integration of herbal pieces, self-discipline of Chinese herbal pieces industry, high price for high quality, scientific research management and construction of laws and regulations. It explored key issues of Chinese herbal pieces from aspects such as industry management, stabilization of herbal pieces quality and clinical efficacy guarantee. It suggested that the industry management of Chinese herbal pieces should be strengthened with stable quality to ensure the clinical efficacy.
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Objective:To investigate the mainstream view and statusof people on body donation in Yunnan province, and provide references. Methods:Random sampling questionnaire survey was used, the obtained data was statistically analyzed. Results:Only 48. 0% of the people understand the body donation, 20. 6% of people know body donation ways and procedures, 27. 8% of people have heard of body receiving station, 11. 4% of people know the body receiving station in yunnan province, 17. 2% of the people to understand body donation of relevant laws and regulations. 47. 4% of people that are willing to donate his body. Conclusion:Make perfect laws and reg-ulations, respect for the body, giving donors and their families allowance, body donation monument, to carry out education and publicity of the body donation form to the whole society support and participate in the good atmos-phere of body donation has great benefits.
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Unregistered drug use,also called off-label drug use,has become a universal phenomenon in clinical practice worldwide.At present,there is still no definite laws and regulations in the field of off-label medication in China.The article gives an overview about the current criterion for prescription in China,the definition of off-label use,analysis of this situation and causes,how to regulate this practice to protect the patient's rights and safety,and also doctor's rights of prescription.
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China’s existing laws and regulations in telemedicine fall behind practice.As a result, telemedicine is confronted with such vague constraints as permission,legal relations and legal liability, validity of electronic medical records,telemedicine equipment standards,patients’right to know and their right to privacy,as well as disputes settlement.On such basis,the authors propose to improve the laws and regulations in this regard as soon as possible.
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Objective To know the situation of tobacco advertisement, promotions and related factors in six cities in China. Methods 4815 adults (above 18 years), selected form Beijing, Shanghai,Shenyang, Changsha, Guangzhou and Yinchuan through probability proportionate sampling and simple random sampling, were investigated through questionnaires. Results The most commonly reported channels that smokers noticed tobacco advertisements were billboards (35.6%) and television (34.4%).The most commonly reported tobacco promotional activities that were noticed by smokers were flee gills when buying cigarettes (23.1% ) and free samples of cigarettes (13.9%). Smokers in Changsha were more likely to report noticing tobacco advertisement on billboards (X2=562.474, P<0.001), and on television(X2=265.570, P<0.001 ). Smokers in Claangsha (X2=58.314, P<0.001 ) were more likely to notice tobacco related news and games. A logistic regression analysis showed that the living and education level were related to awareness of tobacco advertisement and promotion. Conclusion It was universal to see tobacco advertisement and promotions in cities in China but the laws and regulations about tobacco-control were not uniformly executed in different cities. It is necessary to perfect and uniform related laws and regulations.
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Hospice in Korea was started by Sisters of 'Little Company of Mary' came from Australia in 1965, and has been developed mostly by the efforts of some nurses, priests, and sisters of catholic church, ministers of protestant church, and some devoted physicians. Now Korean hospice is in the stage where the active participation of physicians is essential for the facilitation of the development, and the people's need for the maintenance of high level of 'Quality of Life' urges it. To accomplish this need, we should start the laws and regulations for hospice as well as the reimbursement system for hospice care from the National Medical Insurance, we should develop education systems for physicians and medical students, and we should start subspecialty of Palliative Medicine. We also need to increase the level of social and medical acceptance for the use of narcotics for pain control of terminal cancer patients. Finally we need to perform clinical trial as well as the basic research associated with hospice care, and these data can be the basement of hospice development in Korea.
Subject(s)
Humans , Australia , Hospice Care , Hospices , Insurance , Jurisprudence , Korea , Narcotics , Palliative Care , Porphyrins , Protestantism , Siblings , Social Control, Formal , Students, MedicalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To strengthen occupational safety and health(OSH) management of medical service. METHODS To analyze actuality of OSH management and internal and international laws and regulations for OSH management,and give the proposition of its construction. RESULTS On the basis of the requirement,a set of OSH management scheme was established. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative that construct occupational safety and health management laws and regulations and system in medical service.They are pacing factors for physical and mental health of medical members.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide references for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises in developing commissioning manufacture of overseas drugs.METHODS:The registration system of medicine commissioning manufacture in China,Japan and other countries were compared.The current status of Chinese drugs commissioning manufacture and the feasibility for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises to gain commissioning manufacture of overseas drugs were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Both the government and pharmaceutical enterprises in China should take advantage of the amendment of the pharmaceutical affairs Law in Japan to contribute to the development of commissioning manufacture of overseas drugs.
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Results of medical malpractice arbitration are important evidence and proofs for public health departments and judicial institutions to handle properly disputes over medical accidents. Owing to the flaws that exist in the structure of medical malpractice arbitration, arbitration specialists sometimes find it difficult to accept the evidence and proofs. The author of the present paper suggests that judicial discretion be introduced in medical malpractice arbitration. When exercising judicial discretion, the specialists should comply with the following principles: (1)Review objectively the evidence and proofs provided by both the physicians and patients according to law. (2)Ensure neutral arbitration according to the ethics of arbitration. (3)Apply specialized knowledge, clinical experience and logical inference. (4)Make independent and lawful judgments and draw definite conclusions. Anyone who exercises judicial discretion should do so in the light of laws and regulations and bear corresponding legal responsibilities.
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PBL and CTM integration method is a kind of heuristic education mode of regarding student as the center of education.In order to explore the application result of this teaching method in the curriculum of nursing ethics laws and regulations,we put this mode into practice and regard nursing students as research objects.Questionnaire investigation and paper test are applied to evaluate the teaching effect.The study result shows that PBL and CTM integration method is certainly a well-established method to enhance teaching quality in the curriculum of nursing ethics laws and regulations.
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The basic research and development of xeno-transplantation technique has been a new field. The article analyzed its current situation and problems, discussed the ethical problems the researchers and physicians faced, and raised a series of ethical principles which should be obeyed in xeno-transplantation, that is: stick to combining humanism and utilitarianism; observe the technological and sanitary criterion, choose the graft cautiously; Be attentive and loyal to the recipient's health; no harm and beneficial to the humankind. Besides, the article explored the importance of setting up laws and regulations about xeno-transplantation.
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Objective To understand the making of laws and regulations for banning smoking in the public places in big cities in China and to provide the reference for making a national code.Methods The methods of literature search and review were employed,as well as questionnaire survey.Results 45.7% of the big cities had the relevant local laws and(or)regulations and 10.4% of the codes were issued by the local People's Congress,1.3% by the other institutions.Definitions used in the local legal and regulatory codes are different.Of the local legal and regulatory codes,17.4% involved four to six types of the public places,68.7% involved seven to eight types and 13.9% involved nine to ten types.Among the codes,8.6% provided that smoke ban inspector should be appointed by the authority in charge,31.9% required the department where smoking is banned to appoint the inspector,58.6% did not request the appointment at all.As for the violating law unit,9.6% of the codes issued a fine of 5-500 Yuan,20.0% issued a fine of 500-1 000 Yuan,10.4% issued a fine of 1 000-2 000 Yuan and 9.6% issued a fine of 2 000-5 000 Yuan.As for the violating law individual,12.1% of the codes issued a 1-5 Yuan fine,22.4% issued a 5-10 Yuan and 10.3% issued a 20-100 Yuan.In 5.8% of the big cities,the codes were revised.Conclusion Up to now,there is no a national law for banning smoking in the public places in China.The effect of the local laws and regulations on banning smoking in the public places is not satisfactory.China still has a long way to go in controlling smoking in the public places compared with the advanced countries.